What is the work of the MMO?

The work of the MMO consists of observing and identifying marine mammals at sea, requiring long hours of visual following.  Other acoustic detection methods are also used, with the use of hydrophones.  This method, known as passive acoustic monitoring or PAM, is used to listen to submarine sounds such as  engine noise, eco-sounds, military sonar, drilling operations, discharges of air used in seismic prospection and vocalizations form whales and dolphins.  

Its use has increased to complement visual detection, as this method allows the detection of vocalizations from some species that are not easily observed, and can also be used in the dark or during periods with low visibility.  However as with any method it is not infallible.  Consequently visual monitoring continues to be important, with both methods generally used to assure better coverage.

In oil exploration work the MMO must also follow protocols established to protect marine mammals from ocean noise.  MMOs in general have years of study or interest in conservation and marine biology and a broad experience in the field, which allows them to verify that procedures adhere to guidelines and provide the advice and consulting necessary in each situation.

On the other hand, assuring compliance with guidelines requires a broad knowledge of applicable environmental regulations, laws and standards, an understanding of the operations required, and the ability to communicate clearly and effectively with the ship's crew.